毕业之后还要上的10堂英语课

06 投资
股票又跌了
dialogue
tony looks extremely depressed in the ofi ce his colleague elly wants to know what happened.
在办公室里，托尼看起来很沮丧。他的同事艾莉想了解怎么回事。
elly: tony, why do you look so sad?
艾莉：托尼，你怎么看上去这么难过？
tony: i'm in pretty bad shape.
托尼：我情况很糟糕。
elly: what has happened to you? you were all right yesterday.
艾莉：怎么了？你昨天还好好的呀。
tony: didn't you read the news this morning? the overall stock market is losing money. share prices have been at an all-time low, almost crashed. what's worse, i've got all my money in stocks and shares.
托尼：你没有看今天早上的新闻吗? 整个股市都在跌。股价跌到了最低点，几乎要崩盘了。更糟糕的是我把所有的钱都投在股票上了。
elly: stocks, stocks, stocks…some things never change!
艾莉：股票、股票，又是股票。江山易改，本性难移！
tony: yeah, i planned to invest in stocks to make a quick buck. but i am not always a lucky dog.
托尼：是，我原打算炒股，尽快赚点钱花，但是我并非总是个幸运儿。
elly:e on! there are no pies dropping from the sky. and you can't be warren buffett called the sage of omaha. what we have to do now is just to work harder than before.
艾莉：好了。天上不会掉馅饼的，而且你也不会成为“股神”巴菲特。我们现在要做的就是比以前更努力地工作。
tony: yeah, that's the truth.
托尼：是呀，那才是真理。
notes
1. lose money 亏本，亏损；赔钱
2. all-time [??:ltaim] adj. 空前的；全时工作的
3. crash [kr??] v. 撞击，坠毁；崩溃，破产；n. 轰隆声，猛撞；崩溃，垮台；adj. 速成的
4. make a buck 挣钱
5. lucky dog 幸运儿
6. sage [seid?] n.圣人，哲人；adj. 贤明的；明智的
小贴士
关于股票跌涨的常用表达：
shoot up 猛涨
be trapped in the stock market 被套牢
shares peak at 股价达到高点
the price collapses 股价崩盘
the price falls / goes down 股票下跌
shares recover 股价回升
go into steady decline 股价稳步下跌
share price is marginally up 股价微升
shares are up slightly by 0.9 dollar 股价上升0.9美元
speculate in stocks 炒股
pull out 撤出股市
什么是“牛市”和“熊市”？
“牛市”就是 & a bull market& ，指的是 a situation in which share prices are rising. bull的意思是“买进股票等待价格上涨以图谋利者；哄抬证券价格的人”。“熊市”就是 & a bear market& ，指的是 a situation in which share prices keep falling. bear的意思是“卖空者，做空头者，抛售股票或期货希望造成价格下跌的人”。
这期彩票能中吗
dialogue
as soon as eric arrives at the office, he break a piece of big news.
埃里克一到办公室，就爆出了一条大新闻。
eric: hey, helen. did you see the big news yesterday? a lottery holder from zhejiang province may have hit 514 million yuan jackpot.
埃里克：嘿，海伦。你看到昨天的头条新闻了吗？一个浙江的彩民中了头奖5.14亿。
helen: really? it sounds very amazing.
海伦：真的？听起来很令人惊讶。
eric: yeah, the news reported that he won the jackpot from two tickets on tuesday and the prize has set a new record, being the country's biggest jackpot to date. how i wish i had hit a lottery ticket!
埃里克：是呀，新闻报道说他是在周二购买的两张彩票，中奖金额已经刷新了中国彩票的中奖纪录，成为历史上最大的头奖。我多么希望我也能中张彩票啊！
helen: i have. last week i won a lottery ticket for a prize of 5000 yuan.
海伦：我中过。上星期我中了一张彩票，奖金5000元。
eric: ah, how did you do that? why couldn't i?
埃里克：啊，你是怎么中奖的呢？为什么我总是中不了？
helen: the secret to win a lottery ticket is believing your choice and your feeling of numbers is also very important.
海伦：买彩票中奖的秘密就在于，要相信你自己的选择，而且对号码的感觉也是非常重要的。
eric: so if i alwayse across the number 9868, it's likely to win a lottery ticket with the number 9868?
埃里克：那么如果我总是遇到9868这个号码，去买号码为9868的彩票就很可能中奖喽？
helen: that's what i mean. miracles happen every day. you may be on a roll.
海伦：就是那意思。奇迹每天都会发生哦。也许你会交上好运的。
notes
1. lottery ['l?t?ri] n. 彩票；碰运气的事
2. jackpot ['d??k?p?t] n.（彩票等）头奖，累积赌注
3. to date 迄今为止
4. miracle ['mir?kl] n. 奇迹；令人惊奇的人或事
5. on a roll 接踵而至的成功；好运连连
小贴士
在我国，lottery tickets（彩票）是为福利事业和体育发展筹措资金而开办的，据称，彩票得主应交纳奖金20%的所得税。为了沾沾喜气，兑出巨奖的lottery booth（彩票站）也人满为患。中头彩可以说成hit the jackpot，兑奖可以说成claim the prize。福利彩票可用welfare lottery来表达，主要用于国家的charitable causes（慈善事业）；体育彩票可用sports lottery来表达，是为筹集体育事业发展资金发行的，主要用于国家的sports causes（体育事业）。
保险不可少
dialogue
tony and kevin are talking about buying insurance in the offic.
托尼和凯文正在办公室里讨论保险的事。
tony: i've just take out an insurance policy. are you insured?
托尼：我刚领到了保险单。你买保险了吗？
kevin: what insurance? ourpany has offered us retirement insurance, medical insurance and unemployment insurance, doesn't it?
凯文：什么保险？我们公司不是已经给我们买了养老保险、医疗保险和失业保险了吗？
tony: yeah, but are you sure you have purchased enough insurance for you and your family? i took out a life insurance policy and make my wife beneficiary. i need to make sure that my wife will be financially secure if i die.
托尼：是的，但是你确信你已经为你和你的家人买了足够的保险吗？我买了份人寿保险，受益人是我的太太。如果我死了，我要确保我的太太有足够的经济保障。
kevin: that's a good idea.
凯文：你的想法不错。
tony: i can terminate my life insurance policy when i retire and use the money as a pension. that's one of the conditions of my policy.
托尼：我退休时可以不用再交人寿保险费用，拿那笔钱做养老金。这是我的保单上的一个条件。
kevin: oh, i see. i think i also have to consider an insurance for my family.
凯文：哦，我明白了。我觉得我也要为我的家人买份保险了。
tony: that's true. here, call my agent. he'll give you a good deal.
托尼：是啊。给你这个，你可以给我的代理人打电话，他会给你一个合理的价钱。
notes
1. take out 带……出去；除掉；办理；（on）对……发泄
2. retirement insurance 养老保险
3. medical insurance 医疗保险
4. unemployment insurance 失业保险
5. beneficiar [?beni'fi??ri] n.受惠者，受益人
6. terminate ['t?:mineit] v. 结束，终止，满期；达到终点
7. pension ['pen??n] n. 养老金，退休金；抚恤金；（欧洲等地的）私人小旅店；v. 发退休金
小贴士
各种“保险”的说法：
endowment insurance / retirement insurance 养老保险
medical insurance / hospitalization insurance 医疗保险
unemployment insurance 失业保险
employment injury insurance 工伤保险
childbirth insurance 生育保险
accident insurance 意外保险
accident death insurance 意外死亡保险
death insurance 死亡保险
earthquake insurance 地震保险
health insurance 健康保险
life insurance 人寿保险
national health insurance 国民健康保险
social insurance 社会保险
债券理财知多少
dialogue
steven meets jack on his way to thepany. they are talking about how to make money begets money.
史蒂文在去公司的路上遇到了杰克。他们正在讨论怎样让钱生钱。
steven: now the prices are skyrocketing,so i plan to make personal investment to lay up some money for the future.
史蒂文：现在物价飞涨，我打算做些投资为将来存一些钱。
jack: in my opinion, savings, stocks and bonds are good alternatives for investment.
杰克：在我看来，储蓄、股票和债券都是很好的投资选择。
steven: yeah, but i would not like to be a speculator in the stock market. i may lose all i have. if i put my money in a bank, it's much safer. however, after several years, it may erode the real value of my money.
史蒂文：是的，但是我不想炒股，不想做一个投机者。那样我或许会失去一切。如果我把钱存在银行，会比较安全。但是，几年后，这些存款的实际购买力会下降。
jack: quite reasonable. why don't you buy bonds? it's safe and the interest is much higher than bank's.
杰克：有道理。那你为什么不买债券呢？那样比较安全，利息比银行储蓄的利息要高很多。
steven: what's bond? i only know a little about it.
史蒂文：什么是债券？我只知道一点点。
jack: it's a certificate issued by a government or apany acknowledging that money has been lent to it and will be paid back with interest. there are three kinds of bonds divided according to the different issuers: government bond, financial bond and corporate bond.
杰克：它是政府或公司发行的有息并偿还本金的债券。按照发行主体的不同可以分为以下三种：政府债券、金融债券和公司债券。
steven: can you explain these in more detail?
史蒂文：你能说得再详细点吗？
jack: of course. but we have arrived at ourpany. what about getting off work?
杰克：当然可以。但是我们已经到公司了。
下班后再讲好吗？
steven: ok.
史蒂文：好的。
notes
1. skyrocket ['skai?r?kit] n. 冲天火箭（烟火）；v. 使……上升；陡升，猛涨
2. lay up 储备；暂停使用；使卧床不起
3. speculator ['spekjuleit?] n. 投机者，投机商人；思索家
4. erode [i'r?ud] v. 腐蚀，侵蚀
小贴士
fixed rate bond is a bond where the coupon's interest rate remains fixed for the entire term. it pays a pre-determined coupon.
固定利率债券是指在整个债券有效期限内，债券的息票利率保持不变的债券。它支付预决息票。
floating rate note（frn）is a bond where the coupon's interest rate is changed periodically in accordance to a specific market rate.
浮动利率债券是息票利率根据一定市场利率而发生周期性变化的债券。
zero coupon bond is a bond that is issued and sold at a discount, pays no interest and provides payment of the face value at maturity. this type of bond is rare, as the entire risk to investors is concentrated at the maturity date where the principal bes payable.
零息债券是打折出售的到期不支付利息只支付面值的债券。这种债券很少见，因为投资者的全部风险都集中在债券到期日，即付本金的时候。